I keep meaning to make myself a sweater in this stitch, it’s so squishy and comfortable.
For size small (second to largest) 33 sts, increase 1 stitch each end of row 5 (35 sts)
Then inc 1 stitch each end every following 6th row, rows 11, 17, 23, 29, 35 (until 45 stitches)
Then inc 1 stitch each end every following 8th row, rows 43, 51, 59, 67, 75, 83, 91, 99, 107, 115 (until 65 stitches)
Then continue straight to 43 cm (by the pattern gauge this is around row 129 but check with your own gauge and length needed), then begin the raglan shaping. This will be 2 sts each end and similar to the front and back, you can do it, don’t panic.
For increasing up the sleeve, the pattern temporarily changes a little at each end as one stitch, not a pair, is added. You are already working a garter stitch selvedge at each end, the first and last stitch are knit on the right side and knit on the wrong side, this makes a garter bump at the edges which is already not the shaker rib pattern stitch, this stitch at each end will disappear into the seam. I would suggest increasing the pattern one stitch in from the edge, leaving that garter selvedge untouched, a cleaner edge for seaming than one with increases. For each row k1, inc, work to last stitch, inc, k1.
For working these new stitches into the pattern I recommend placing a marker each end, inside 1 stitch, the rib pattern will be maintained between these markers. New stitches will be made inside the markers and initially made as knit stitches on the right side, when you look at the wrong side you will see from the formed fabric where the column of knit and purl are and will be able to work out which this new stitch needs to be. You are only working it into the pattern established between the markers, not trying to also make it match up wih the selvedge stitch. Having a marker between the main fabric and the selvedge really helped me work out how to maintain a rib pattern, it’s a physical break from pattern to edge and helps with the logic as the new stitches come in.
You’ll manage it, pointing to stitches and naming them out loud can sometimes help with working new stitches into pattern too. If you get stuck post a pic of your knitting, I’m sure someone will be able to help you back on track.
Hope this helps.