Need help on this section of pattern!

#1

Okay, I am doing a Rowan Lilly pattern and I have 169 sts on my needle.
I am about to Shape Armholes.* It reads:
Next Row:***
K24, M1, K8, cast off 32 sts, K until there are 8 sts on right needle after cast off, M1, K24,***
M1, K8, cast off 32 sts, K until there are 8 sts on right needle after cast off, M1, K24, M1, K1***

Next Row:***
P to gap left by first set of cast off sts, cast on 33, P to next set of cast off sts, cast on 33,***
P to end. 176 sts.***
Working increases as set, work a further 42 rows, ending with RS facing for next row. 323 sts.
I am confused.***

What does working increases as set?

#2

You’ve been doing the incs at specified points 24 sts from each edge (k24, m1, work the rest of the row, m1, k24), so you continue to do them after you k24 at the beg of the row, and before the last 24 sts at the end.