How to adjust pattern

I see a very cute pattern for a vest. But it only gives it to me in very little sizes. How do I know how to adjust it to make it for bigger children? size 2, 4, 5 etc.

The easiest way is to use heavier yarn and/or larger needles. There’d be a lot of math involved to do it within the pattern. What pattern is it? And a link if you have it? Maybe we can suggest another similar one?